When compared to earlier periods of Roman rule, the Roman Empire was a vastly different entity. People have become bored of the king's rule and desired a new system, which was eventually established. After a series of civil and political wars leading up to the Roman Empire, the populace had had enough, and the Punic War erupted, having a profound impact on the Roman Republic and its current state. The previous roman government was overthrown as a result of popular discontent throughout its reign. The Pax Romana is the one thing that has stood out to me during this time period, despite the fact that Rome was home to a variety of different cultures and countries at the time.
A peace pact between the towns of the Roman Empire known as the Pax Romana was in place. It lasted from 187 BC to 18 AD, during which time there was relatively little fighting, and it was also regarded as the golden era because of this calm time. Actium war was one of the last wars leading up to the Pax Romana, and Octavian Caesar's son, Mark Antony, was victorious. Twenty-one years later, the Battle of Actium took place in the Ionian Sea. He had all the leverage and authority he needed to take control of the Roman Empire after that conflict, which put him in a great position. When Octavian was named the first emperor of the Romain Empire, which was a huge role at the time because no one had ever held power over Rome before, it was a huge change for people. However, with that power came some unpopular attention toward Octavian, who was pursued by a lot of people, but they were out to get Julius Caesar.
After Julius Caesar for a long time, Brutus and Gaius' Cassius had the idea of fleeing Rome and forming their own army, but it didn't work out in their favour because they were captured by the combined forces of Octavian and Antony in a battle that took place in a small town in the Philippine's, which so happened to be started by Julius Caesar in forty-two bc, but then when they were found, both had committed suicide. When the battle of Actium broke out, however, he had labelled Antony a traitor to Rome and waged war on Cleopatra as a result of that.
This fight took place in 31 BC off the coast of Greece. Antony hoped to defeat Octavian by outnumbering or breaking his battleships, but this strategy failed miserably since the majority of the fleet had split off and were forced to submit to Octavian's will.
Both Antony and Cleopatra had committed suicide, leaving Antony and Cleopatra's three children without parents, so Octavian had taken their children back to Rome with them when they surrendered. Even though they were saved by Octavian, this does not imply that they were well-liked; rather, they were paraded through the streets of Rome as a warning to others about what would happen if they rebelled against him while he was in power.
After Cleopatra and Antony's reign, a new era in Roman history had begun. Even though Rome hadn't been at war for about 10 years, the inhabitants of the city were given time to recuperate and rethink their laws and how they were enforced, but Rome was still without an emperor but that didn't last very long, either. When Octavian accepted the title of emperor Augustus, he was under a lot of pressure from the citizens because for the longest time, the power was shared among several people rather than just one person, which some people supported, but many others were not so enthusiastic about, and that time period was known as the pinnacle of the pinnacle. Taxation and governance were two of the items that were developed throughout the historical period that are still relevant now. However, throughout the Roman Empire, the fact that all of the money was in the hands of a single individual was a major source of contention. When all was all said and done, folks were concerned that he would be a greedy swindler. In my opinion, taxes are a good concept because they helped to pay for the war's damages at the time. And in the modern-day, it is still utilised for that purpose and is used to pay for town repairs.
New cities and colonies were established during the Pax Romana, which benefited Rome by increasing its population and fostering a more diversified cultural landscape. This came at a crucial time for the city, which had just emerged from a period marked by conflict. As a result, the Romans benefited from a period of reform and cultural variety. Augustus is known for his strictness, which has made it harder for individuals to be culturally varied when there is greater difference. However, even though Rome had been rebuilt, he did not want anybody to worship any other deity but his own, which is difficult if you had only worshipped to other deities before arriving in Rome. He utilised all the money the government had gathered for this purpose. In addition, Augustus, who ruled strictly according to the letter of the law, had enacted his own set of regulations. They were more concerned with married couples than with other groups. If they were under the age of 18, they had to remarry, and if they were beyond the age of 18, they had to be divorced. He penalised what we would term today as cheaters, which is never a nice thing in today's times or back then, and it made divorce more difficult. Augustus was able to illustrate his point by sending his daughter to a female-only island, which was a brilliant decision on his part since if you offended his laws, no matter who you were, you would be punished.
After the Punic war, Rome's people enjoyed a golden age because they had conquered a large portion of the continent, the largest territory ever seized by a Roman monarch. While he was attempting to conquer modern-day Germania, many of his troops were murdered in the process, and three sets of soldiers were slaughtered trying to take over. To believe that a significant chunk of his army was halted and forced to retire because they were attempting to seize possession of a little town was absurd. The Romans feared that other armies might try to take over and undo all of Augustus' hard work, so they erected a wall known as Hadrian's wall (which began construction in 122 ce). So that the soldiers might be prepared in case a war broke out, the wall had several forts built. Over seventy-two miles of wall were erected, and much of it is still standing.
There were periods during the Pax Romana when the "golden age" experienced some problems. Britannia had a rebellion against Rome headed by the Celtic queen Boudica at a town called Britannia. However, Augustus did not bring an end to the conflict peacefully; he ended it by massacring the Celtic army at the time, which led to another rebellion that led to the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem. Many Romans visited this temple to worship and it was a huge setback for Roman civilization. That insurrection led to Jewish individuals being exiled from Rome, but this was unusual at this period of time. At that time, Rome controlled much of the world's land but maintained a culture that offered many different things to others, which was very considerate when compared to the actions the Romans took to get to where they were at that point in history. When it came to the Roman culture's upper echelons, people might choose from a wide range of alternatives, including learning to dress like the Romans and adapting to their rules. Additionally, the inside of their dwellings may have a wide variety of styles, which was an important consideration given the volume of fighting and variety of wars the Roman army was involved in during that time period.
In the years following Augustus's death, other leaders rose to power, but it was Nero, who essentially brought an end to the Roman Empire. Nero ruled for only fourteen years and was remembered only for being the last Roman emperor, not for the good things he accomplished during that time. The "final five" emperors, which included Augustus, numbered five in all. The great fire of Rome, which lasted six days and burned a large portion of Rome to the ground, was one of Nero's most well-known moments. He had used the Christians as a scapegoat to blame for the fire's occurrence, which was extremely low for a ruler to blame people who were accepted in his culture for the fire's occurrence. After completing that task, he became the Roman Empire's final emperor. But in many respects, our lives now are extremely similar to those of our ancestors.
There were some similarities between our country's upbringing and Rome's during this time period. We had to fight for what we had, many of the fights on the ocean, in order to build what we now know as the United States of America and Rome at the time.. Both Rome and our own citizens have been shaped by the constant battles for land. But the most important thing to remember is that if the Romans had never fought back against Rome, there would have been no history, and we don't know where we would be now.
This was all for the best in the long run because without the difficulty of the time, who knows where we'd be today? The Pax Romana had its highs and lows; there was also conflict along the road and unpopular rulers. A lot of the things that we take for granted would not have been possible if it weren't for our mother. While adapting to various cultures and rulers was possible, it was also a tremendous opportunity to do so at the time. It also wouldn't have been possible for us to observe three distinct civilizations emerge from this scenario. What is undeniable, however, is that even little concepts from long ago have an enormous influence on our lives today. For example, the concept of coinage, which we deal with every day, has a lasting impact on our culture today that few people are aware of. While the calendar may have seemed like a modest notion to us at the time, it was a great accomplishment for the Romans. Even though the Romans were a long time ago, they had a significant impact on our culture and society today, and if they hadn't accomplished so many great things along the way, we wouldn't be where we are today. It's crazy to think that something that happened so long ago in double-digit time periods would affect where we are today.
References
No Authorhttp://www.ushistory.org/civ/6c.aspPax Romana, the ancient civilization
Joshua Cole, Carol Symes) western civilization volume one-fourth edition ( n.d.)
The editors of encyclopedia Britannia https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nero-Roman-emperor (April 6, 2022)
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