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Amphetamine is a drug which acts as Stimulant and appetite suppressant. It majorly acts on the central nervous system and increases certain type of chemicals called neurotransmitters in the body. This is normally used to treat narcolepsy and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Excess intake of amphetamines leads to toxic effects on the body specifically on central nervous system during this drug alters the chemistry of brain. Hence in some regions of world it is considered as abuse. Intoxication of amphetamines shows different types of characteristic symptoms like change in mental status.
Symptoms that can be observed on central nervous system are:
Amphetamine intoxication can also show some other symptoms on other human body systems. They are chest pain, palpitations, dry mouth, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, micturition difficulties, rashes, needle marks and Mydriasis of eye. Many of the people experiencing euphoria feeling while taking the amphetamines, fast breathing and long loss of hunger also indicates the amphetamines addiction.
Amphetamines clinical effects can be observed significantly and commonly in ED. These amphetamines resemble the structures of some neurotransmitters like catecholaminergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic agonists (Håkan Karlsson et.al, 2012). The relative activities that amphetamines have to stimulate the receptors of biogenic amines like dopamine, serotonine, epinephrine are dependent on the chemical substituents present on the amphetamine molecules. Thus, the clinical presentation also depends on the amphetamine type used. If we take methamphetamine as example it is lack of peripheral stimulant activity of the amphetamine but still can give hallucination and euphoric effects but very less duration as cocaine. But, Normal amphetamine can show the time duration of minimum 10 to 12 hours. Different routes of administrations are being used for the amphetamine intake like oral, inhalation or intravenous. Where, oral route takes some more time like 1 hour to show its action but inhalation and intravenous shows immediate effects
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